1. Dark spots on the surface of the sun caused by magnetic storms.
2. The number of sunspots correlates with the intensity of solar radiation.
3. Maunder'diagram show heliographic latitude of observed sunspots versus time.
4. New sunspot cycle is when the average number of sunspots of the new cycle's magnetic polarity outnumbers that of the old cycle's polarity. They usually change in cycles about every 11 years.
5. They matter to Earth because they cause temperature changes on the sun, and then that could eventually be bad for earth if the temperatures drop too low.
6. The next one will take place in the year 2019.
7. Sunspots are observed with land-based solar telescopes as well as ones on Earth-orbiting satellites.
8. Tools such as spectroscopes and spectrohelioscopes are used to examine sunspots and areas of sunspots.
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